什么是mig焊接？- 完整的解释

Table of Contents

介绍：

Welding is a Joining process that is used to join two different metals together. The type of joint that is developed between the metal is permanent. It is also fascinating to note that the core temperature can go as high as 6500^oF在焊接过程中。我们佩戴PPE（个人防护设备）套件，并且高度熟练的焊机仅用于此目的。本文将详细介绍MIG（金属惰性气）焊接，其类型，优势，劣势和应用。因此，让我们开始。

历史：

It all started with discovering a short-pulsed electric arc in 1800 by Humphry Davy, then the development of continuous spark by Vasily Petrov in 1802. This technology saw the first Industrial usage in the 1880s when modified to use in the Industries. At first, the electrodes used were Carbon, and the process was known as Carbon Arc Welding. In 1890, Metal electrodes invented by Nikolay Slavyanov and C. L. Coffin replaced the usage of Carbon, and the process is named Metal arc Welding. General Electric Invented the first complete set of this process in 1920, except the Inert environment. The development of the Inert atmosphere took place later. Until 1960, We used this Welding process without Inert gas, but at that time, the importance of Inert gas is identified and added with oxygen to produce shielding during Welding processes.

The brief timeline is shown below:

1800-development of short-pulsed electric arc by Humphry Davy
1802-development of continuous spark by Vasily Petrov
1880-变更发生并采用了工业用法
1890-Invention of Metal electrodes by Nikolay Slavyanov and C. L. Coffin
1920-金属电弧焊接通过通用电气修饰
1949--获得焊接铝的专利
1960-Inert gas as a shielding gas is added, and MIG (as we know today) is made

MIG焊接定义

Mig Welding is defined as the welding in which a wire electrode is used to join two metal pieces together in the environment of shielding gas. Here the shielding gas is used to protect the weld metal from coming in contact with the atmospheric gases and prevent it from atmospheric contamination.

This welding process is also known as Gas metal arc Welding (GMAW) Metal Active Gas (MAG) Welding.

Important Terminologies:

Before we can start learning about the working of MIG (Metal Inert Gas) Welding, let us first understand some important terms related to this process. The important terminologies are as follows:

Parent Metal:These are the metals that are to be joined through the Joining process.
Filler metal:These are the metals added to join the parent metal during the joining process.
Weld metal:它包括在加入过程中焊接和保留的所有金属。
热影响区：它是在焊接过程中受影响的母金属的一部分，即加热但在连接过程中没有融化。
Fusion line:它是热影响区和焊接金属之间的边界。
Weld Zone:It comprises Heat affected zone and the weld metal.

另请阅读：

Main Parts of MIG Welding:

在MIG（金属惰性气体）焊接过程中，某些组件非常重要，并且必须制定。这些在所有操作中都非常重要的部分如下：

1. Power Supply:

It is the main component in any Joining process, as it controls many variables, such as supply current, voltage, Etc. Many machines have low maximum current output and use Aluminium winding for the power supply. Apart from this, Metal Inert GasWelding used in Industries are of high quality and requires a high amount of current, and has a transformer as the power source.

2.火炬传递:

It is also known as a Metal Inert GasWelding gun. The gun provided to the Welders are only related to the particular Welding machine and can’t be used for another machine. The Torch quality for this type of Welding is least durable and can easily lead to failure.

3. Welding Wire:

这是一个非常重要的组件在Welding process. Hence, the selection of wire should be made very precisely, noting down all the important factors. Sometimes, the width of the wire is not constant, leading to irregular feeding of the wire. It will reduce production time as we will invest more time in repairing the faulty machine.

4. Earth Clamp/ground Clamp:

The Joining process creates a Welding circuit. Hence, a good earthing is necessary as the amount of current and voltage is very high. To solve the problem, we use an Earth clamp, which has a bright face of contact.

Working Principle Mig Welding:

MIG焊接由金属电极组成，金属电极连续提供给两种金属。两种基准金属被熔化在一起，并在连接过程后形成关节。提供惰性气体的枪支有助于保护金属在此过程中免受外部污染。简而言之，MIG焊接包含一个金属电极，可提供连续的火花和惰性气体，在焊接过程中充当屏蔽环境。

Working Process:

这是一个非常通用的连接过程，适用于薄金属连接。在电线（金属电极）和工件之间产生弧线，这两个工件都融化了两个形成焊接池。电线既用作热源，也可以用作填充金属，以融化目标工件。产生的焊接池免受惰性气体（称为屏蔽气体）的外部污染，该焊接是通过线电极侧面的喷嘴提供的。屏蔽气体的含量（化学成分）取决于要连接的金属块。形成焊接池后，固化过程将焊接池转换为固体形式，并将工件连接在一起。因此，通过这种方式，MIG焊接过程将这两个工件融合在一起。

观看此视频以了解MIG焊接的基础知识。

Types of MIG Welding:

Metal Inert Gas Welding process are divided into various different types based on different conditions and One of the conditions is Metal transfer mode. It means how the metal is transferred from the electrode to the workpiece to form the weld pool.

1.Based on Metal Transfer Mode:

可以通过五种方式将金属从电极传递到工件，这些工件是球状，短路，冷金属传递，喷雾和脉冲喷雾剂。这些解释如下：

(i) Globular:

这是最不需要的金属传输模式，因为热量大量，焊接效果差和飞溅。它使用二氧化碳，该二氧化碳的价格较低，但效率比Argon高得多，而Argon产生了高度稳定的惰性气体环境。由于大型熔融液滴的形成，该过程主要限于水平和平坦的焊接，从而导致较大的焊池。我们只能将其用于黑色金属。

(ii) Short-circuiting:

球状金属惰性煤炭焊接发育导致短路或短弧焊接，其电流低于球形。热量输入大大减少，从而有助于减少焊接区域中的失真和残留应力量。我们只能将其用于黑色金属。

(iii) Cold Metal Transfer:

It is used for thin metals, where current is reduced when short-circuit is registered. We can also use it for Aluminium.

(iv) Spray:

It is the first metal transfer mode used for Metal Inert GasWelding, which can be used for Aluminium and stainless steel using inert gas as protection from external contamination. It reduces spatter and result in a perfect high-quality Weld finish. Due to some restrictions in the Internal mechanism, it can only be used for metal with thickness more than 6.4 mm (0.25 inches).

(V) Pulsed Spray:

It is the same as Spray metal transfer mode but uses a pulse of Spray for melting the filler metal onto the workpiece. It decreases the overall heat, making it possible to be used for thinner metals. It contains Argon as an inert gas with a low concentration of carbon dioxide. We can use it to Weld ferrous as well as non-ferrous metals.

Based on Type of Welding Wire Used:

除了金属传输模式外，金属惰性气体焊接也可以根据所使用的焊接类型分为不同的类型。这些如下：

(i) Inert Gas Type Welding Wire:

在这种类型的焊接过程中，我们将使用惰性气体作为屏蔽环境，将金属从称为电线电极的电极馈送。我们有两个可消耗的组件 - 金属和气体。我们为在母金属上提供的电线使用命名约定。碳钢已经开发了以下规则：

For Example, we want to name the electrodeER70S-6,可以命名为：

ER =Electric rod
70=It represents the tensile strength of Weld metal, measured in PSI
S =It stands for solid wire
6 =它表示使用的化学添加剂

如图。：Inert gas Electrode Nomenclature

(ii) Flux-Cored Wire:

如果我们使用芯线，我们可以跳过惰性气体的水箱，从而提供屏蔽环境。这主要是因为电线包含所需的元素，这些元素可以在连接过程中屏蔽外部污染。

Advantages:

The Metal Inert Gas Welding process is although very simple and can be used for various metal pieces. Apart from this, there are various other advantages of using this joining process, which is as follows:

我们可以以更快的速度生产完美的焊接质量
Since there is no use of flux, there is zero chance of slag being trapped in the metal forming, and Hence, produces a neat surface finish
The use of Shielding gas during Welding around the weld pool results in the least loss of metal composition elements.
It is highly versatile and can be used for a variety of metals and alloys.
It is highly adaptable for Industrial usage and can be changed to a semi-automatic or fully automatic process.
The process is easy to use and can be used by the Intermediate Welders to perform Joining work.
我们将能够在一个过程中存放更多的焊接，从而易于在少量传球上对大型组件进行焊接。
It penetrates up to a greater depth inside the workpiece and provides a good weld finish onto the material.
这是一个完美的过程，完成的焊接不会留下任何残留。

Disadvantages:

我们已经讨论了加入公关的优势ocess in complete detail, where we have seen that replacing flux with wire electrodes can give us an outstanding benefit. However, this brings various disadvantages, which are as follows:

We can’t use it in vertical or overhead Welding positions due to high Input heat requirements and fluidity of weld puddle.
The components of this process are complex.
The initial setup cost is high.
The inert atmosphere formed around should be stable. Hence, we can only use it in draught-free conditions.
The maintenance cost is very high due to the presence of extra electronics components.
It isless efficient, where there is a requirement of a high duty cycle.
The effectsof radiation are more severe.

Application:

金属惰性煤炭倾向于焊接不同的金属类型，即具有不同化学成分的金属。因此，它在其他地方找到了应用程序。在此标题下，我们将学习此加入过程中一些最关键的应用程序。焊接过程的应用如下：

它用于大多数薄板金属的连接，其厚度可以在非常大的规模上起作用。
We can also use it for the fabrication of pressure vessels and steel structures.
它在汽车行业和家庭装修行业中找到了应用。
It is most widely used in the Aerospace Industry.
It is also used to join small diameter, thin wall tubing, such as in the bicycle industry.
It is used to weld pipes of different sizes, Etc.

Frequently Asked Question: FAQs

Q1.What is the difference between GMAW (Gas metal arc Welding) and MIG (Metal Inert Gas) Welding?

Ans:Both MIG and GMAW are used as the same name for the Joining process in the Industry. The only difference is the shielding gas. GMAW uses Inert gas and active gas as shielding, while MIG uses only Inert gas as the shielding gas during Welding.

Q 2:What is the main difference between Flux-cored wire and inert gas medium?

Ans:在惰性气体介质中，惰性气体为外部污染提供了屏蔽环境。在磁芯电线中，电线在过程中充当屏蔽环境，不需要屏蔽气体。

问3：What is the difference between Pulsed Spray and Spray?

Ans:喷雾是在母金属上持续撒上金属。脉冲喷雾意味着将金属喷雾以脉冲形式在母金属上，这是可变的。