什么是液压制动系统及其工作原理?

介绍

流血的?,制动油?是的,每当我们面对您的汽车或自行车的制动系统问题时,我们经常从技工那里听到这些条款,而且如果我们谈论两个Wheeler的disc brakes我们只看到坚硬的黑色管将刹车杆与卡钳连接起来,我们看不到任何机械连接,例如我们的自行车,对吗?新利18app官网备用因此,现在问题出现了这些制动器的工作原理,没有执行器(杠杆或踏板)和鼓鞋或盘式卡钳之间的机械连接?新利18app官网备用,为什么我们需要制动系统制动油?因此,让我们挖掘这篇文章以找出答案。液压制动系统是制动系统的类型其中,与机械制动系统不同,液压液用于将制新利18app官网备用动踏板或制动杆力从制动踏板或制动杆传输到最终的鼓鞋或盘式卡钳,以实现制动。在这种类型的制动系统中新利18app官网备用master cylinder(请参阅主缸上的文章),然后将这种液压送到最终的鼓或盘式卡钳,以停止或驱动车辆。

为什么我们需要液压制动系统

在液压制动系统之前,所使用的制动系统的类型是机械制动系统,因此现在出现的问题是否已经有机械制动系统,那么为什么要液压制动系统?新利18app官网备用让我们找出答案。

  • 由于制动汽车车辆是一个非常关键的安全部件,因此从制动踏板到最终制动的响应必须非常快,这是机械类型制动系统的失败,并且通过液压制动系统非常有效新利18app官网备用快速制动。
  • The brake force generated by hydraulic braking system is very high as compared to the mechanical braking which is a very important factor for today’s super and hyper series of vehicles.
  • 由于许多运动部件的参与,机械制动系统的摩擦磨损非常高,与引入液压制动系统新利18app官网备用相比,它的运动部件较小,而机械零件非常降低到最佳水平。一。
  • 与机械系统相比,由于执行器(制动踏板或杠杆)与制动盘或鼓之间的直接连接,因此与机械系统相比,制动故障的机会非常小。新利18app官网备用
  • 在机械制动的情况下,设计复杂性很高,它的引入液压制动系统会降低,该新利18app官网备用系统具有简单易于组装的设计。
  • The maintenance in the case of mechanical braking system was high due to the involvement of complex and more number of member which is not a problem with the hydraulic braking system as it has a simple design with less moving parts.

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类型

液压制动系统分为2个基准 -1.基于摩擦接触机制 -On this basis, hydraulic brakes are of 2 types –

(i)鼓刹车or internal expanding hydraulic brakes.

(ii)Disc brakesor external contracting hydraulic brakes.

2. On the basis of brake force distribution-在此基础上,液压制动器有两种类型 -

(i) Single acting hydraulic brakes

(ii)双重表演液压制动器

We have already familiar with these terms from our last article on types of braking so let’s just study about their construction and working.

构造细节

液压制动系统的主要部分 On the Basis of Frictional Contact Mechanism

1.鼓液压制动或内部膨胀液压制动器 -

In drum hydraulic braking system the parts involved are-

  • Brake pedal or brake lever-在液压制动系统中,驾驶员需要制动制动器需要其他制动制动踏板或制动杆相同,该制动踏板或制动杆通过机械杆或连杆杆与主缸相连。新利18app官网备用
  • 主缸-这是简单的气缸和活塞布置(请参阅主缸上的文章),将机械力从制动踏板转换为液压压力。新利18app官网备用

刹车踏板与主缸的活塞相连,以至于踏板的移动导致大型气缸内活塞的运动和通过。

  • 制动液储层 -这是一个简单的储层箱,其中包含制动液,借助制动软管连接到主缸。
  • 刹车线-They are the hollow high pressure metal tube that connects the master cylinder with the drum cylinder inside these brake lines high pressure brake fluid from the master cylinder flows which is responsible for further brake actuation.
  • Drum cylinder-It is the another cylinder fitted inside the drum of the drum brakes and is connected with the brake shoes , the high pressure brake fluid from the brake lines comes to this cylinder.
  • 制动鼓(请参阅鼓制动器上的文章) -它是鼓缸,制动鞋和弹簧的壳体,鼓的外部与车轮和内部旋转,并将刹车鞋和圆柱体保持静止。
2.光盘液压制动器或外部收缩液压制动器 -

光盘液压零件和鼓液压制动零件几乎相同

  • Brake pedal or brake lever-与上面提到的鼓式制动器完全相同。
  • 主缸-Same as drum brakes
  • Brake fluid reservoir-与鼓制动相同。
  • 刹车线- 与鼓制动器相同,但在这里它们将主缸与盘式卡钳圆柱连接起来。
  • Disc rotor-它是金属圆盘装有轮毂in such a fashion that it rotates with the wheel of a vehicle moreover disc rotor is the surface that make frictional contact with the brake shoe in order to stop or de accelerate the vehicle.
  • 碟片它是一个小的固定组件,就像夹具一样安装在圆盘上,在内部有制动鞋和液压缸的外壳,当制动器在卡钳合同中施加制动鞋,并与旋转盘进行摩擦接触,以使其井井有条提供制动。

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根据制动力分布

All the components of single acting hydraulic brakes and double-acting hydraulic brakes whether it’s a drum type single acting brake or disc type single acting brake are same as mentioned above, the only difference is type of master cylinder used which decides the brake force distribution i.e. In bikes- single wheel braking or double wheel braking, In cars- two wheel braking or all wheel braking. So let’s just see that in detail.

1.单作用液压制动器 -

In single acting type of hydraulic brakes, simple single cylinder type of master cylinder is used which provides limited hydraulic pressure which can only be transferred in single direction i.e. In bikes- only single wheel, In cars – only single pair(front or rear) of wheels.

2. Double Acting Hydraulic Brakes-

在双作用类型的液压制动器中,使用了双重或串联主缸,可提供较高的制动力,可以沿双向转移,即自行车中的车轮和汽车中的所有车轮。

Working of a Hydraulic Braking System

  1. 鼓液压制动

当驾驶员在处理过程后配备鼓型液压制动器的车辆中施加制动器时 -

  • 由于制动踏板的运动或致动,主缸移动的踏板和活塞之间附着的连杆杆又将主缸的活塞推到主缸内,就像医疗注射器一样。
  • Due to this movement of the piston inside the master cylinder the compression of brake fluid inside the master cylinder takes place which in turn provides the conversion of mechanical energy into hydraulic pressure.
  • This highly compressed brake fluid from the master cylinder moves inside the brake and the transfer of this hydraulic pressure from the master cylinder to the brake drum takes place.
  • 当这种高压制动液进入轮缸或鼓缸时,由于其高压高压时,圆柱活塞的运动就会发生,从而扩大了附着的固定制动鞋。
  • 由于制动鞋的扩展,制动鞋和鼓衬里(旋转鼓部分)之间的摩擦接触又将车辆的动能转换为热能,最后发生制动。

Single Acting Drum Type Braking –单作用鼓型液压制动器的工作与上述完全相同,在这种类型的制动单轮或单对车轮中,制动力会产生制动力。

Double Acting Drum Type Braking-在双作用液压制动器中,主缸中的高压制动液分布在两个方向上,即自行车中的车轮和汽车中的所有车轮都因使用串联主缸而在汽车中(请参阅主缸上的文章)

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2.光盘液压制动器

当驾驶员在配备圆盘型液压制动器的车辆中施加制动器时,所涉及的过程与鼓液压烘烤相同,直到高压制动液进入制动线时,但此后有所不同 -

  • The high pressure brake fluid from the brake lines enters the disc calliper cylinder of a disc brake system.
  • This high pressure brake fluid cause’s movement in the calliper cylinder’s piston which in turn causes the movement of the brake pad attached to the piston inside the calliper.
  • Due to this movement of brake pad the clamping of the rotating disc rotor takes place and due to this frictional contact between brake pads and the rotating disc rotor, conversion of vehicle’s kinetic energy into heat energy takes place which in turn stops or de accelerate the vehicle.

Single Acting Disc Type Braking-The working of single acting disc type hydraulic braking is exactly same as mentioned above, in this type of braking single wheel or a single pair of wheels gets the braking force.

Double Acting Disc Type Braking-在双作用盘型液压制动器中,主缸的高压制动液分布在两个方向上,即自行车中的车轮和汽车中的所有车轮都由于使用串联主缸(请参阅主缸上的文章)。

液压制动的应用

  • 鼓型液压制动器 -它们用于一些低速四轮驾驶员,例如Tata Ace。
  • 光盘型液压制动器 -它们在几乎所有汽车中都广泛使用,例如Maruti Suzuki Swift,现代i20等,以及Bajaj Pulsar 180,KTM Duke 390 Ett等自行车
  • Single Acting Hydraulic Brakes-Pulsar 180的前制动器具有单作用类型。
  • 双表演液压制动器 -上面提到的所有汽车。

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